Factores relacionados con el control yeliminación de un brote de Klebsiella Pneumoniae productora de Carbapenemasas en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Metropolitano de Quito / Factors related to the control and elimination of an outbreak of Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae in the Neonatology Unit of the Hospital Metropolitano de Quito

Introducción: Las infecciones nosocomiales ocasionan un costo para el sistema de salud. En este estudio se reporta los datos observacionales de un brote de Klebsiella Pneumoniae en una Unidad de neonatología, y sus medidas posteriores a la identificación. Métodos: Con un diseño descriptivo observacional, ambispectivo se estudiaron casos de infecciones nosocomiales. Se realizaron medidas de barrera estrictas con listas de chequeo y uso de cámaras de vigilancia en una Unidad de Neonatología. Se reportan las observaciones del estudio. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 6 casos fueron diagnosticados con Klebsiella Pneumoniae, todos fueron pacientes recién nacidos prematuros, tres de ellos extremos. Cuatro pacientes con sepsis temprana. Las muestras de cultivos fueron 3 Hemocultivos, 2 Urocultivos y 1 cultivo de secreción faríngea. Junto con el cultivo de Klebsiella pneumoniae, se identificaron otros patógenos. La coinfección de Klebsiella con S. aureus fue la que se mantuvo más días en aislamiento, en relación al aislamiento de Klebsiella sola. De todos los cultivos, 2 fueron positivos para Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de BLEE, y cuatro para Klebsiella pneumoniae multisensible. Luego de la intervención no se presentaron nuevo casos con un seguimiento de 12 meses posteriores al brote. Conclusiones: Luego del brote de 6 casos de Klebsiella Pneumoniae en la unidad de Neonatología se establecieron medidas estrictas de bioseguridad, las mismas que fueron cumplidas con el registro en listas de chequeo y monitorizadas por cámaras de seguridad. Se logró la eliminación de infecciones nosocomiales en un período de control posterior a 12 meses luego de la implementación

Introduction: Nosocomial infections cause a cost for the health system. This study reports the observational data of an outbreak of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in a neonatology unit, and its measures after identification. Methods: With a descriptive, observational, ambispective design, nosocomial infections were studied. Strict barrier measures were carried out with checklists and the use of surveillance cameras in a Neonatology Unit. Study observations are reported. Descriptive statistics are used. Results: 6 cases were diagnosed with Klebsiella Pneumoniae, all were premature newborn patients, three of them extreme. Four patients with early sepsis. The culture samples were 3 blood cultures, 2 urine cultures and 1 culture of pharyngeal secretion. Along with the Klebsiella pneumoniae culture, other pathogens were identified. Klebsiella co-infection with S. aureus was the one that remained in isolation for more days, in relation to Klebsiella isolation alone. Of all the cultures, 2 were positive for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, and four for multisensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae. After the intervention, no new cases were presented with a follow-up of 12 months after the outbreak. Conclusions: After the outbreak of 6 cases of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in the Neonatology unit, strict biosafety measures were established, which were complied with with the registration in checklists and monitored by security cameras. Elimination of nosocomial infections was achieved in a control period after 12 months after implementation

Simulation-Based Structured Education Supports Focused Neonatal Cranial Ultrasound Training.

OBJECTIVES: Brain injury in preterm neonates may cause clinical deterioration and requires timeous bedside diagnosis. Teaching cranial ultrasound (US) skills using fragile preterm neonates is challenging. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness and feasibility of using task-trainer computer-based simulators and US-suitable cranial phantoms in combination with teaching sessions in teaching novices to perform focused cranial US evaluations for identifying substantial intraventricular hemorrhage. METHODS: This was a prospective interventional educational study targeting participants with no prior skills in neonatal cranial US. Participants attended a 2-day training workshop, with didactic and hands-on interactive sessions using computer-based and 3-dimensional printed phantom simulators. Participants then performed a cranial US scan on a healthy neonate to assess the diagnostic quality of the images acquired. Individual precourse and postcourse knowledge tests were compared. To test recall, participants also submitted US images acquired on neonates within 3 and 6 months of attending the course. RESULTS: Forty-five participants completed the training modules. Mean knowledge scores increased significantly (in brain anatomy, brain physiology, intracranial disorders, and US physics domains). Thirty-eight cranial US scans were acquired during the course, 22 within 3 months after completion, and 34 within 6 months after completion. Thirty-two (84%) of the initial 38 case images, 17 (77%) of 22 images submitted within 3 months, and 32 (94%) of 34 images submitted within 6 months after course completion were of diagnostic quality. CONCLUSIONS: A structured training module with didactic and hand-on training sessions using simulators and phantoms is feasible and supports training of clinicians to perform focused cranial US examinations.

Migración proximal de prótesis del colédoco distal al conducto hepático izquierdo / Proximal migration of a distal common bile duct prosthesis to the left hepatic duct

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